C++ 参考手册
- C++11
- C++14
- C++17
- C++20
- C++ 编译器支持情况表
- 独立与宿主实现
- C++ 语言
- C++ 关键词
- 预处理器
- C++ 标准库头文件
- 具名要求
- 功能特性测试 (C++20)
- 工具库
- 类型支持(基本类型、RTTI、类型特性)
- 概念库 (C++20)
- 错误处理
- 动态内存管理
- 日期和时间工具
- 字符串库
- std::basic_string
- std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::npos
- std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::at
- std::hash (std::string, std::wstring, std::u16string, std::u32string, std::pmr::string, std::pmr::wstring, std::pmr::u16string, std::pmr::u32string)
- std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::assign
- std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::get_allocator
- std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::substr
- std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::basic_string
- std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::operator=
- std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::operator[]
- std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::front
- std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::back
- std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::data
- std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::c_str
- std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::operator basic_string_view
- std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::begin, std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::cbegin
- std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::end, std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::cend
- std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::rbegin, std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::crbegin
- std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::rend, std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::crend
- std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::empty
- std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::size, std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::length
- std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::max_size
- std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::reserve
- std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::capacity
- std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::shrink_to_fit
- std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::clear
- std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::insert
- std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::erase
- std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::push_back
- std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::pop_back
- std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::append
- std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::operator+=
- std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::compare
- std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::starts_with
- std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::ends_with
- std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::replace
- std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::copy
- std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::resize
- std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::swap
- std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::find
- std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::rfind
- std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::find_first_of
- std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::find_first_not_of
- std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::find_last_of
- std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::find_last_not_of
- std::operator+(std::basic_string)
- std::swap(std::basic_string)
- std::literals::string_literals::operator""s
- std::erase, std::erase_if (std::basic_string)
- operator<<,>>(std::basic_string)
- std::getline
- operator==,!=,<,<=,>,>=,<=>(std::basic_string)
- std::stoi, std::stol, std::stoll
- std::stoul, std::stoull
- std::stof, std::stod, std::stold
- std::to_string
- std::to_wstring
- std::basic_string 的推导指引
- std::basic_string_view
- 空终止字节字符串
- 空终止多字节字符串
- 空终止宽字符串
- std::char_traits
- 注释
- 容器库
- 迭代器库
- 范围库 (C++20)
- 算法库
- 数值库
- 输入/输出库
- 文件系统库
- 本地化库
- 正则表达式库
- 原子操作库
- 线程支持库
- 实验性 C++ 特性
- 有用的资源
- 索引
- std 符号索引
- 协程支持 (C++20)
- C++ 关键词
位置:首页 > C++ 参考手册 >字符串库 >std::basic_string > std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::substr
std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::substr
basic_string substr( size_type pos = 0, size_type count = npos ) const; |
(C++20 前) | |
constexpr basic_string substr( size_type pos = 0, size_type count = npos ) const; |
(C++20 起) | |
返回子串 [pos, pos+count)
。若请求的子串越过 string 的结尾,或若 count == npos ,则返回的子串为 [pos,
size()
)
。
参数
pos | - | 要包含的首个字符的位置 |
count | - | 子串的长度 |
返回值
含子串 [pos, pos+count)
的 string 。
异常
若 pos >
size()
则为 std::out_of_range
复杂度
与 count
成线性
注解
如同以 basic_string(data()+pos, count) 构造返回的 string ,这隐含将会默认构造返回的 string 的分配器——新分配器将不是 this->
get_allocator()
的副本。
示例
运行此代码
#include <string> #include <iostream> int main() { std::string a = "0123456789abcdefghij"; // count 为 npos ,返回 [pos, size()) std::string sub1 = a.substr(10); std::cout << sub1 << '\n'; // pos 和 pos+count 都在边界内,返回 [pos, pos+count) std::string sub2 = a.substr(5, 3); std::cout << sub2 << '\n'; // pos 在边界内, pos+count 不在,返回 [pos, size()) std::string sub4 = a.substr(a.size()-3, 50); std::cout << sub4 << '\n'; try { // pos 在边界外,抛出 std::string sub5 = a.substr(a.size()+3, 50); std::cout << sub5 << '\n'; } catch(const std::out_of_range& e) { std::cout << "pos exceeds string size\n"; } }
输出:
abcdefghij 567 hij pos exceeds string size
参阅
复制字符 (公开成员函数) | |
返回字符数 (公开成员函数) | |
于字符串中寻找字符 (公开成员函数) | |
[静态] |
特殊值。准确含义依赖语境 (公开静态成员常量) |