C++ 参考手册
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- 字符串库
- std::basic_string
- std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::npos
- std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::at
- std::hash (std::string, std::wstring, std::u16string, std::u32string, std::pmr::string, std::pmr::wstring, std::pmr::u16string, std::pmr::u32string)
- std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::assign
- std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::get_allocator
- std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::substr
- std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::basic_string
- std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::operator=
- std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::operator[]
- std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::front
- std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::back
- std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::data
- std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::c_str
- std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::operator basic_string_view
- std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::begin, std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::cbegin
- std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::end, std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::cend
- std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::rbegin, std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::crbegin
- std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::rend, std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::crend
- std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::empty
- std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::size, std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::length
- std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::max_size
- std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::reserve
- std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::capacity
- std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::shrink_to_fit
- std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::clear
- std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::insert
- std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::erase
- std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::push_back
- std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::pop_back
- std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::append
- std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::operator+=
- std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::compare
- std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::starts_with
- std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::ends_with
- std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::replace
- std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::copy
- std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::resize
- std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::swap
- std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::find
- std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::rfind
- std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::find_first_of
- std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::find_first_not_of
- std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::find_last_of
- std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::find_last_not_of
- std::operator+(std::basic_string)
- std::swap(std::basic_string)
- std::literals::string_literals::operator""s
- std::erase, std::erase_if (std::basic_string)
- operator<<,>>(std::basic_string)
- std::getline
- operator==,!=,<,<=,>,>=,<=>(std::basic_string)
- std::stoi, std::stol, std::stoll
- std::stoul, std::stoull
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- std::to_wstring
- std::basic_string 的推导指引
- std::basic_string_view
- 空终止字节字符串
- 空终止多字节字符串
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位置:首页 > C++ 参考手册 >字符串库 >std::basic_string > std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::find
std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::find
(1) | ||
size_type find( const basic_string& str, size_type pos = 0 ) const; |
(C++11 前) | |
size_type find( const basic_string& str, size_type pos = 0 ) const noexcept; |
(C++11 起) (C++20 前) |
|
constexpr size_type find( const basic_string& str, size_type pos = 0 ) const noexcept; |
(C++20 起) | |
(2) | ||
size_type find( const CharT* s, size_type pos, size_type count ) const; |
(C++20 前) | |
constexpr size_type find( const CharT* s, size_type pos, size_type count ) const; |
(C++20 起) | |
(3) | ||
size_type find( const CharT* s, size_type pos = 0 ) const; |
(C++20 前) | |
constexpr size_type find( const CharT* s, size_type pos = 0 ) const; |
(C++20 起) | |
(4) | ||
size_type find( CharT ch, size_type pos = 0 ) const; |
(C++11 前) | |
size_type find( CharT ch, size_type pos = 0 ) const noexcept; |
(C++11 起) (C++20 前) |
|
constexpr size_type find( CharT ch, size_type pos = 0 ) const noexcept; |
(C++20 起) | |
(5) | ||
template < class T > size_type find( const T& t, size_type pos = 0 ) const noexcept(/* see below */); |
(C++17 起) (C++20 前) |
|
template < class T > constexpr size_type find( const T& t, |
(C++20 起) | |
寻找首个等于给定字符序列的子串。搜索始于 pos
,即找到的子串必须不始于 pos
之前的位置。
1) 寻找等于
str
的首个子串。2) 寻找等于范围
[s, s+count)
的首个子串。此范围能含空字符。3) 寻找等于
s
所指向的字符串的首个子串。由首个空字符,用 Traits::length(s) 确定字符串长度。4) 寻找首个字符
ch
(由后述规则当作单字节子串)。5) 如同用 std::basic_string_view<CharT, Traits> sv = t; 隐式转换
t
为 string_view sv
,然后寻找等于字符串视图 sv
的首个子串。此重载仅若 std::is_convertible_v<const T&, std::basic_string_view<CharT, Traits>> 为 true 且 std::is_convertible_v<const T&, const CharT*> 为 false 才参与重载决议。正式而言,若下列全部为 true ,则说在位置 xpos
找到子串 str
:
- xpos >= pos
- xpos + str.size() <= size()
- 对于
str
中所有位置n
, Traits::eq(at(xpos+n), str.at(n))
特别是,这隐含
- 仅若 pos <= size() - str.size() 才能找到子串
- 在
pos
找到空子串,若且唯若 pos <= size() - 对于非空子串,若 pos >= size() ,则函数始终返回 npos 。
参数
str | - | 要搜索的 string |
pos | - | 开始搜索的位置 |
count | - | 要搜索的子串长度 |
s | - | 指向要搜索的字符串的指针 |
ch | - | 要搜索的字符 |
t | - | 要搜索的对象(可转换为 std::basic_string_view ) |
返回值
找到的子串的首字符位置,或若找不到这种子串则为 npos 。
异常
2-3) 不抛出。
5)
noexcept 规定:
noexcept(std::is_nothrow_convertible_v<const T&, std::basic_string_view<CharT, Traits>>)
缺陷报告
下列更改行为的缺陷报告追溯地应用于以前出版的 C++ 标准。
DR | 应用于 | 出版时的行为 | 正确行为 |
---|---|---|---|
LWG 2946 | C++17 | string_view 重载在某些情况下导致歧义
|
通过使之为模板来避免 |
示例
运行此代码
#include <string> #include <iostream> void print(std::string::size_type n, std::string const &s) { if (n == std::string::npos) { std::cout << "not found\n"; } else { std::cout << "found: " << s.substr(n) << '\n'; } } int main() { std::string::size_type n; std::string const s = "This is a string"; // 从 string 开始搜索 n = s.find("is"); print(n, s); // 从位置 5 开始搜索 n = s.find("is", 5); print(n, s); // 寻找单个字符 n = s.find('a'); print(n, s); // 寻找单个字符 n = s.find('q'); print(n, s); }
输出:
found: is is a string found: is a string found: a string not found
参阅
寻找字符子串的首次出现 (函数) | |
在另一宽字符串中寻找宽字符串的首次出现 (函数) | |
寻找字符的首次出现 (函数) | |
寻找宽字符串中宽字符的首次出现 (函数) | |
寻找子串的最后一次出现 (公开成员函数) | |
寻找字符的首次出现 (公开成员函数) | |
寻找字符的首次缺失 (公开成员函数) | |
寻找字符的最后一次出现 (公开成员函数) | |
寻找字符的最后一次缺失 (公开成员函数) | |
搜索一个元素范围 (函数模板) |