operator new, operator new[]

#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
// 函数最小集的替换：
void* operator new(std::size_t sz) {
    std::printf("global op new called, size = %zu\n",sz);
    void *ptr = std::malloc(sz);
    if (ptr)
        return ptr;
    else
        throw std::bad_alloc{};
}
void operator delete(void* ptr) noexcept
{
    std::puts("global op delete called");
    std::free(ptr);
}
int main() {
     int* p1 = new int;
     delete p1;
 
     int* p2 = new int[10]; // C++11 中保证调用替换者
     delete[] p2;
}

#include <iostream>
// 类特定分配函数
struct X {
    static void* operator new(std::size_t sz)
    {
        std::cout << "custom new for size " << sz << '\n';
        return ::operator new(sz);
    }
    static void* operator new[](std::size_t sz)
    {
        std::cout << "custom new for size " << sz << '\n';
        return ::operator new(sz);
    }
};
int main() {
     X* p1 = new X;
     delete p1;
     X* p2 = new X[10];
     delete[] p2;
}

#include <stdexcept>
#include <iostream>
struct X {
    X() { throw std::runtime_error(""); }
    // 自定义布置 new
    static void* operator new(std::size_t sz, bool b) {
        std::cout << "custom placement new called, b = " << b << '\n';
        return ::operator new(sz);
    }
    // 自定义布置 delete
    static void operator delete(void* ptr, bool b)
    {
        std::cout << "custom placement delete called, b = " << b << '\n';
        ::operator delete(ptr);
    }
};
int main() {
   try {
     X* p1 = new (true) X;
   } catch(const std::exception&) { }
}